Sling surgery (TVT and TVT-O) for urinary incontinence

Sling surgery TVT (Tension-free Vaginal Tape) and TVT-O (Trans-Obturator Tape) are minimally invasive surgical methods for treating stress urinary incontinence in women. The procedure involves placing a special supportive tape (sling) under the urethra to prevent its descent and urine leakage during physical exertion.

When is sling surgery indicated?

• In cases of stress urinary incontinence (leakage during coughing, sneezing, or physical activity).
• With pelvic floor muscle weakness after childbirth or due to age-related changes.
• If conservative treatments (Kegel exercises, physiotherapy) have been ineffective.
• When urinary incontinence is combined with pelvic organ prolapse.
• If the patient’s quality of life is significantly reduced due to persistent incontinence.

How is the procedure performed?

1. Diagnostics and preparation – urodynamic testing, ultrasound, blood and urine tests are performed.
2. Anesthesia – the procedure is carried out under local, spinal, or general anesthesia.
3. Sling placement – through small incisions in the vaginal wall and groin folds, the surgeon positions a synthetic tape beneath the urethra.
4. Tension adjustment – the sling is positioned to support the urethra without excessive compression.
5. Completion of surgery – incisions are sutured; the patient may be discharged the same day or the following day.

Types of sling procedures

• TVT (Tension-free Vaginal Tape) – the classical technique, in which the sling is passed behind the pubic bone through the anterior abdominal wall.
• TVT-O (Trans-Obturator Tape) – a more modern approach where the sling passes through the obturator foramen, reducing the risk of bladder injury.

Main advantages of sling surgery in Belarus

• High effectiveness (up to 90–95% of cases with complete resolution of urinary incontinence).
• Minimal tissue trauma and a short recovery period.
• No abdominal incisions, reducing the risk of complications.
• Possibility of same-day or next-day discharge.
• Long-lasting results with proper patient selection.

The procedure is performed in leading urological and gynecological clinics in Belarus using modern materials and advanced surgical techniques. Highly qualified specialists ensure procedural safety, comfortable recovery, and durable clinical outcomes.