Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure aimed at removing large kidney and urinary tract stones through a small skin puncture. The method is used in urolithiasis when other treatment options (such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or medication therapy) are ineffective.

When is percutaneous nephrolithotripsy required?

• In the presence of large stones (greater than 2 cm) in the kidneys or ureter.
• In cases of staghorn calculi occupying the renal collecting system.
• If extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has proven ineffective.
• With recurrent or chronic urolithiasis.
• When stones cause complications such as hydronephrosis, infection, or chronic pain.

How is the procedure performed?

1. Diagnostics and preparation – ultrasound, CT, or X-ray imaging is performed to precisely determine the stone’s location.
2. Anesthesia – the procedure is carried out under general or spinal anesthesia.
3. Creation of renal access – an endoscopic instrument is introduced through a small puncture in the lumbar region.
4. Stone fragmentation – ultrasonic, laser, or pneumatic energy is used to break the stone.
5. Removal of fragments – stone fragments are extracted through the working channel.
6. Postoperative monitoring – a drainage tube (nephrostomy) may be placed to ensure urine outflow, followed by clinical observation.

Main advantages of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy in Belarus

• Minimally invasive technique without large surgical incisions.
• High effectiveness for large and complex stones.
• Faster recovery compared to open surgery.
• Reduced risk of damage to renal tissue.
• Possibility of complete stone removal in a single procedure.

The operation is performed in leading urological centers in Belarus using modern endoscopic and laser technologies. Highly qualified specialists ensure precise execution of the procedure, minimal trauma, and comfortable postoperative recovery.