Nephrectomy (kidney removal)

Nephrectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of one kidney. It is performed in cases of severe disease, irreversible organ damage, or as part of kidney donation for transplantation. The operation may be carried out using an open or laparoscopic approach, depending on the patient’s condition.

When is nephrectomy required?

• In cases of malignant kidney tumors (kidney cancer).
• With severe hydronephrosis accompanied by complete loss of kidney function.
• After severe kidney trauma that cannot be surgically repaired.
• In chronic infectious kidney diseases that pose a threat to the patient’s health.
• When a patient acts as a living kidney donor for transplantation.

Types of nephrectomy

• Open nephrectomy – a traditional approach through an incision in the lumbar region.
• Laparoscopic nephrectomy – a minimally invasive technique performed through small incisions.
• Radical nephrectomy – removal of the kidney together with surrounding tissues in malignant tumors.
• Partial nephrectomy – removal of only the affected part of the kidney (used in benign tumors or traumatic injury).

How is the procedure performed?

1. Diagnostics and preparation – CT, MRI, ultrasound, as well as blood and urine tests are performed to assess renal function.
2. Anesthesia – the operation is carried out under general anesthesia.
3. Kidney removal – the surgeon performs an incision (or laparoscopic access) and removes the affected organ.
4. Hemostasis and closure – bleeding is controlled and surgical wounds are sutured.
5. Postoperative monitoring – patient condition is monitored and rehabilitation measures are provided.

Main advantages of modern nephrectomy methods in Belarus

• Laparoscopic techniques reduce surgical trauma.
• Faster recovery with minimally invasive approaches.
• Lower risk of postoperative complications.
• The ability to lead a full life with a single kidney.
• High effectiveness in the treatment of oncological and urological diseases.

The operation is performed in leading urological and oncourological centers in Belarus using modern surgical techniques. Highly qualified specialists and innovative technologies ensure patient safety and successful recovery after kidney removal.