Cystoscopy

Cystoscopy is an endoscopic examination of the urinary bladder and urethra performed using a cystoscope. The procedure allows direct visual assessment of the mucosal surface and helps identify tumors, inflammatory changes, stones, or other pathological conditions of the bladder.

When is cystoscopy indicated?

• In cases of chronic urinary bladder infections (recurrent cystitis).
• When blood in the urine (hematuria) is present without an identified cause.
• If tumors, polyps, stones, or foreign bodies in the urinary bladder are suspected.
• For evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux.
• In patients with urinary incontinence or functional voiding disorders.

Types of cystoscopy

• Rigid cystoscopy – performed using a traditional rigid cystoscope; commonly used when biopsy or surgical interventions are required.
• Flexible cystoscopy – uses a flexible endoscope, providing greater comfort and less discomfort for the patient.
• Operative cystoscopy – allows not only diagnostic evaluation but also removal of polyps, tissue biopsy, or fragmentation of bladder stones.

How is the procedure performed?

1. Preparation – antiseptic treatment is performed; local anesthesia may be used if necessary.
2. Insertion of the cystoscope – the endoscopic instrument is introduced through the urethra into the urinary bladder.
3. Bladder examination – the physician visually assesses the bladder mucosa and identifies any abnormalities.
4. Additional interventions (if required) – biopsy, stone removal, or coagulation of bleeding areas.
5. After the procedure – mild discomfort during urination may occur and usually resolves within 24 hours.

Why undergo cystoscopy in Belarus?

• High diagnostic accuracy for urinary bladder diseases.
• Possibility of performing therapeutic procedures during the examination.
• Minimally invasive technique without surgical incisions.
• Short procedure duration (approximately 10–20 minutes).
• Enables early detection of oncological and inflammatory conditions.

The procedure is performed in leading urological clinics in Belarus using modern flexible and rigid cystoscopes. Highly qualified specialists ensure safe examination, accurate diagnosis, and patient comfort.