Cystography

Cystography is a radiographic examination of the urinary bladder performed with the administration of a contrast agent. The procedure allows assessment of the shape, capacity, and integrity of the bladder walls, as well as detection of pathological changes such as vesicoureteral reflux, trauma, or tumors.

When is cystography indicated?

• When vesicoureteral reflux (backflow of urine into the ureters) is suspected.
• In cases of recurrent urinary tract infections.
• After trauma to the urinary bladder or when bladder rupture is suspected.
• For diagnosis of tumors, polyps, or bladder stones.
• In cases of urinary incontinence or functional bladder disorders.

Types of cystography

• Ascending (retrograde) cystography – contrast is introduced into the bladder via a catheter, followed by X-ray imaging.
• Voiding cystography – images are obtained during urination to assess sphincter function and detect reflux.
• Antegrade cystography – contrast is administered through a nephrostomy tube (used in cases of impaired urine outflow).

How is the procedure performed?

1. Preparation – if necessary, blood and urine tests are performed; bowel preparation may be recommended.
2. Administration of contrast agent – a radiopaque contrast medium is introduced into the bladder through a catheter.
3. Serial X-ray imaging – images are taken before, during, and after voiding.
4. Result interpretation – the physician evaluates bladder shape, integrity, and the presence of reflux or lesions.

Main advantages of cystography in Belarus

• High diagnostic accuracy for urinary bladder disorders.
• Effective detection of vesicoureteral reflux.
• Relatively short examination time (usually 30–40 minutes).
• Minimally invasive procedure without surgical intervention.
• Allows assessment of both anatomical and functional features of the urinary bladder.

The procedure is performed in leading urological centers in Belarus using modern radiological equipment and safe contrast agents. Experienced specialists ensure accurate diagnostics and patient comfort throughout the examination.