Thoracotomy

Thoracotomy is a surgical procedure in which an incision is made in the chest wall to gain access to the lungs, heart, esophagus, and other organs of the thoracic cavity. This approach is used in the treatment of oncological, traumatic, and infectious diseases that require open surgical intervention.

When is thoracotomy indicated?

• For tumors of the lungs, mediastinum, or pleura, when biopsy or complete removal of a neoplasm is required.
• In cases of severe chest trauma accompanied by damage to internal organs.
• For severe infectious diseases, such as pleural empyema, lung abscesses, or tuberculosis.
• In cardiac surgery – to perform operations on the heart and major vessels.
• When correction of congenital anomalies of the chest wall or lungs is required.

Types of thoracotomy

• Anterolateral thoracotomy – the incision is made on the front and side of the chest.
• Posterolateral thoracotomy – a classic approach through the lateral aspect of the chest.
• Median sternotomy – a longitudinal incision through the sternum, commonly used for cardiac surgery.
• Bilateral thoracotomy – used for extensive pathological processes involving both lungs.

How is the procedure performed?

1. Diagnostics and preparation – CT, MRI, chest X-ray, bronchoscopy, and blood tests.
2. General anesthesia and intubation – mechanical ventilation is provided.
3. Chest wall incision – the surgeon gains access to the thoracic organs.
4. Surgical intervention – lung resection, tumor removal, or sanitation of the pleural cavity.
5. Closure of the chest – placement of drainage tubes and suturing of the surgical incision.

Main advantages of modern thoracotomy techniques in Belarus

• High effectiveness in the treatment of complex thoracic diseases.
• Use of modern technologies that reduce the risk of complications.
• Application of tissue-sparing techniques to shorten the recovery period.
• Use of minimally invasive approaches whenever feasible.
• Ability to manage a wide range of thoracic pathologies.

Operations are performed in leading cardiothoracic and oncological centers in Belarus using modern surgical technologies. Experienced specialists ensure precise intervention, minimal risks, and the most comfortable recovery possible for the patient.