Treatment of anal fissures

An anal fissure is a linear tear of the mucous membrane of the anal canal, accompanied by pain, sphincter spasm, and bleeding. Without treatment, the condition may become chronic, leading to complications and a significant reduction in quality of life.

When is treatment of an anal fissure required?

• Pain in the anal area, especially intensifying after bowel movements.
• Presence of blood on toilet paper or in the stool.
• Chronic constipation causing repeated injury to the mucosa.
• Anal sphincter spasm that interferes with healing.
• Persistent discomfort in the anal region, burning, or itching.

Methods of treatment for anal fissure

Conservative treatment (acute fissure)

• A high-fiber diet to soften stool.
• Laxatives for the management of constipation.
• Topical anesthetic ointments and suppositories (with lidocaine, nitroglycerin, corticosteroids).
• Warm sitz baths to relieve sphincter spasm.
• Physiotherapy (laser therapy, magnetotherapy) to accelerate healing.

Surgical treatment (chronic fissure)

• Sphincterotomy – partial division of the anal sphincter to relieve spasm and promote healing.
• Laser coagulation – a minimally invasive method for removal of pathological tissue.
• Electrocoagulation or radiofrequency therapy – effective excision of the fissure with rapid recovery.

Recovery after treatment

• Adherence to a gentle diet to prevent constipation.
• Use of healing ointments and suppositories.
• Limitation of physical activity during the first weeks.
• Regular follow-up visits with a proctologist to monitor healing.

Advantages of modern treatment methods

• Painless and minimally invasive techniques accelerate healing.
• Effective medications allow acute fissures to be treated without surgery.
• Modern surgical approaches reduce the risk of recurrence.

When should medical attention be sought?

• If anal pain becomes chronic, sphincter spasm persists, or bleeding does not stop.
• In cases of long-standing constipation and repeated mucosal injury.
• If conservative treatment is ineffective and surgical correction is required.

Advantages of anal fissure treatment in Belarus

In Belarus, anal fissure treatment is provided in modern proctology centers using both conservative and minimally invasive surgical techniques. Specialists tailor therapy individually, ensuring rapid healing and reducing the risk of recurrence.