Rectosigmoidoscopy

Sigmoidoscopy is an endoscopic examination of the rectum and the distal part of the sigmoid colon that allows detection of inflammatory changes, polyps, tumors, fissures, and other pathologies. The method is highly accurate and is widely used for the early diagnosis of colorectal diseases.

When is sigmoidoscopy indicated?

• Lower abdominal pain or a sensation of heaviness.
• Chronic constipation, diarrhea, or changes in stool shape or color.
• Bloody, mucous, or purulent rectal discharge.
• Suspected hemorrhoids, polyps, proctitis, or sigmoiditis.
• Preventive screening examinations (especially after the age of 40).

How is the procedure performed?

1. Preparation. The patient follows a prescribed diet and bowel cleansing using laxatives or enemas.
2. Insertion of the endoscope. The physician carefully introduces the sigmoidoscope through the anal canal.
3. Mucosal inspection. The camera transmits images to a monitor, allowing assessment of the intestinal wall.
4. Additional procedures. If required, a biopsy is taken or small polyps are removed.
5. Completion of the procedure. The patient can return to normal activities immediately after the examination.

Which conditions can be detected by sigmoidoscopy?

• Hemorrhoids (internal hemorrhoids, inflammatory changes).
• Anal fissures, proctitis, sigmoiditis.
• Polyps and precancerous mucosal changes.
• Rectal and sigmoid colon cancer.
• Sources of bleeding and erosive mucosal lesions.

Advantages of the method

• High diagnostic accuracy with early detection of pathology.
• Possibility of biopsy and removal of small polyps during the procedure.
• Minimally invasive technique; the examination usually takes no more than 10–15 minutes.

When should medical attention be sought?

• If bowel habit disturbances, rectal bleeding, mucus, or pain are present.
• When inflammatory bowel disease or neoplasms are suspected.
• In cases of hereditary predisposition to colorectal cancer.

Advantages of sigmoidoscopy in Belarus

In Belarus, sigmoidoscopy is performed in modern diagnostic centers equipped with high-precision endoscopic systems. Experienced specialists ensure both diagnostic accuracy and patient comfort, making the procedure safe, informative, and well tolerated.