Polypectomy is a surgical procedure aimed at removing polyps of the rectum and perianal region in order to prevent their growth, potential malignant transformation, and associated discomfort. Polyps are often asymptomatic; however, over time they may undergo malignant degeneration, making timely removal an important measure in colorectal cancer prevention.
When is polypectomy indicated?
- Detection of polyps during colonoscopy.
- Presence of bloody or mucous rectal discharge.
- Pain, discomfort, or a foreign body sensation in the anal area.
- Chronic constipation, diarrhea, or changes in bowel habits.
- Colorectal cancer prevention in patients with hereditary predisposition.
How is the procedure performed?
Diagnosis. Polyps are identified using anoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy.
Preparation. The patient is prescribed a special diet and bowel cleansing prior to the procedure.
Polyp removal. The physician uses endoscopic or surgical techniques:
- Endoscopic snare polypectomy β removal of the polyp using an electrosurgical snare.
- Laser polypectomy β a bloodless technique with a reduced risk of recurrence.
- Surgical excision β indicated for large polyps or lesions suspicious for malignancy.
Post-procedural follow-up. The patient receives recovery recommendations, and the removed tissue is sent for histopathological examination.
Recovery after polypectomy
- A gentle diet avoiding coarse foods to allow mucosal healing.
- Avoidance of physical exertion during the first few days.
- Monitoring bowel movements and prevention of constipation.
- Regular follow-up with a proctologist to reduce the risk of recurrence.
Advantages of modern polyp removal techniques
- Endoscopic methods are minimally invasive and do not require surgical incisions.
- Laser polypectomy reduces the risk of bleeding and recurrence.
- Timely removal of polyps prevents malignant transformation.
When should medical attention be sought?
- If bloody or mucous discharge and rectal discomfort are present.
- When polyps are detected during preventive examinations.
- In cases of hereditary predisposition to colorectal polyposis or cancer.
Advantages of polypectomy in Belarus
In Belarus, polypectomy is performed in modern proctology clinics equipped with high-precision endoscopic technology. Physicians apply tissue-sparing techniques for polyp removal, helping patients avoid major surgery and effectively prevent the development of colorectal cancer.
