Anoscopy

Anoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that allows direct visual examination of the anal canal and the distal part of the rectum. It is used to detect hemorrhoids, anal fissures, inflammatory changes, polyps, and other pathologies of the anorectal region.

When is anoscopy indicated?

• Chronic or acute pain in the anal area.
• Rectal bleeding, mucous or purulent discharge from the anus.
• Suspected internal hemorrhoids, anal fissures, or polyps.
• Follow-up after surgical or conservative treatment of proctological diseases.
• Sensation of a foreign body, discomfort, or itching in the anal region.

How is the procedure performed?

1. Preparation. The physician may recommend a cleansing enema several hours before the examination.
2. Patient positioning. The examination is performed with the patient lying on the side or in a gynecological position.
3. Insertion of the anoscope. A special instrument (anoscope) is gently introduced into the anal canal.
4. Examination. The specialist evaluates the condition of the mucosa and identifies inflammation, fissures, hemorrhoidal nodes, or neoplasms.
5. Conclusion. If indicated, a biopsy may be taken or minor therapeutic procedures may be performed.

Conditions detected by anoscopy

• Internal hemorrhoids (assessment of stage and size of hemorrhoidal nodes).
• Anal fissures, inflammatory and infectious lesions.
• Polyps, neoplasms, and precancerous changes of the mucosa.
• Paraproctitis, anal fistulas, and inflammatory diseases of the anal canal.

Advantages of the method

• Rapid and accurate diagnosis; the examination usually takes 5–10 minutes.
• Minimal discomfort for the patient.
• No complex preparation required; simple bowel cleansing is sufficient.
• Possibility of therapeutic interventions during the procedure, such as sclerotherapy or rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids.

When should medical attention be sought?

• Presence of rectal bleeding, itching, burning, or pain.
• Sensation of a foreign body or abnormal discharge from the anus.
• Chronic constipation or suspicion of hemorrhoids or polyps.

Advantages of anoscopy in Belarus

In Belarus, anoscopy is performed in modern proctology clinics equipped with high-precision diagnostic equipment. The procedure enables fast, accurate, and minimally invasive evaluation of anorectal diseases, allowing timely initiation of appropriate treatment.