Hip dysplasia is a congenital underdevelopment of the hip joint structures that leads to instability, subluxation, or dislocation of the femoral head. Without timely treatment, hip dysplasia can cause limping, gait disturbances, pain, and early development of coxarthrosis. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy allow full restoration of the joint and help prevent long-term complications.
Causes and risk factors of hip dysplasia
- Genetic predisposition.
- Breech presentation of the fetus.
- Oligohydramnios or multiple pregnancy.
- Hormonal factors (elevated maternal relaxin levels).
- Tight swaddling that restricts leg movement.
Symptoms of hip dysplasia in children
- Asymmetry of skin folds on the buttocks and thighs.
- Limited hip abduction.
- A clicking sensation or instability during leg movement (Ortolani sign).
- Delayed walking and limping (in children older than one year).
How is hip dysplasia diagnosed?
- Clinical examination by an orthopedic specialist. Assessment of joint mobility and detection of dysplasia signs.
- Hip ultrasound (up to 6 months of age). Allows detection of subluxation or joint instability.
- Hip X-ray (after 6 months of age). Evaluates the position and degree of displacement of the femoral head.
Treatment methods for hip dysplasia in children
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Conservative treatment (up to 6 months). Wide swaddling helps the joint develop naturally. Pavlik harnesses and Frejka splints keep the legs in the correct position to support proper joint formation. Therapeutic exercises and massage improve blood circulation and strengthen muscles.
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Closed reduction (6–12 months). Performed under anesthesia, followed by plaster immobilization to stabilize the joint.
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Surgical treatment (after one year or in severe cases). Osteotomy is used to correct joint structure geometry. Reconstructive procedures restore the correct position of the femoral head.
Advantages of early treatment
- High effectiveness of conservative methods when diagnosed early.
- Prevention of limping and gait abnormalities.
- Avoidance of surgical intervention with timely therapy.
- Possibility of complete restoration of joint function.
When should medical attention be sought?
- If an infant shows asymmetry of skin folds or limited hip mobility.
- In cases of delayed walking, limping, or abnormal gait.
- If there is a family history of hip dysplasia.
Advantages of treating hip dysplasia in children in Belarus
In Belarus, hip dysplasia in children is treated in leading orthopedic clinics using modern diagnostic methods, orthopedic correction, and physiotherapy. Qualified specialists develop individualized treatment programs, enabling full restoration of hip joint function and prevention of complications.
