Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a condition caused by compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel of the wrist. The disorder leads to pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand, significantly affecting daily activities and quality of life. Treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms, reducing inflammation, and restoring normal hand function.
Causes of carpal tunnel syndrome
- Repetitive hand and wrist movements (computer work, playing musical instruments).
- Wrist injuries or fractures.
- Joint diseases (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis).
- Hormonal changes (pregnancy, menopause).
- Systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism.
Symptoms
- Pain in the hand and wrist, often worse at night.
- Tingling or numbness in the thumb, index, and middle fingers.
- Weakness of the hand and difficulty gripping objects.
- A sensation of swelling in the hand without visible edema.
Treatment methods for carpal tunnel syndrome
Conservative treatment
Immobilization — wearing a wrist splint or orthosis to keep the wrist in a neutral position, especially during nighttime.
- Medication therapy — nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (topical or oral) to relieve pain and inflammation; corticosteroid injections to reduce swelling and nerve compression.
- Physiotherapy: ultrasound therapy to reduce inflammation; electrophoresis with anti-inflammatory agents; shockwave therapy to improve local blood circulation.
- Therapeutic exercises (physical therapy) — stretching and strengthening exercises for the wrist and hand muscles.
- Lifestyle modification — reducing repetitive wrist strain and optimizing workplace ergonomics to prevent overuse.
Surgical treatment
Indicated when conservative therapy is ineffective or in cases of severe symptoms:
- Carpal tunnel release: surgical division of the transverse carpal ligament to reduce pressure on the median nerve.
- Minimally invasive techniques that allow for a shorter recovery period.
Rehabilitation after surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome
- Hand immobilization. Wearing a supportive bandage or splint for several weeks.
- Physiotherapy. Procedures aimed at restoring mobility and preventing scar formation.
- Therapeutic exercises. Gradual strengthening of hand muscles and restoration of function.
- Load control. Gradual return to activity under medical supervision.
Prevention of carpal tunnel syndrome
- Use of ergonomic tools and proper workplace organization.
- Regular breaks during activities involving repetitive hand movements.
- Routine exercises to stretch and strengthen hand and wrist muscles.
Treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome focuses on pain relief, restoration of sensation, and prevention of complications. Modern approaches, including physiotherapy, medication, and surgical intervention, allow effective management of the condition.
These procedures are available in leading clinics in Belarus, where specialists apply an individualized approach and advanced medical technologies.
