Brachytherapy is a form of radiation therapy in which radioactive materials are placed directly inside the tumor or in close proximity to it. This method is used to treat various types of cancer, including prostate cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, as well as tumors of the head and neck. Brachytherapy allows high doses of radiation to be delivered precisely to the tumor while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues and reducing side effects.
Indications for brachytherapy
- Prostate cancer. Brachytherapy is used to treat localized prostate cancer when the tumor is confined to the gland.
- Cervical cancer. Applied as one of the treatment methods, often in combination with other types of radiation therapy.
- Breast cancer. Brachytherapy may be used after surgical treatment to reduce the risk of recurrence.
- Cancers of the head and neck region. This method is also used to treat tumors of the head and neck, such as cancers of the nasopharynx or tongue.
How is brachytherapy performed?
The brachytherapy process begins with precise treatment planning. Specialists use advanced imaging techniques such as MRI or CT to accurately determine the location of the tumor. Radioactive implants (commonly in the form of needles or capsules) are then placed directly into the tumor or nearby. This can be done through the skin, mucous membranes, or during a surgical procedure.
The procedure is usually performed on an outpatient basis, and the patient can return home after the session. A brachytherapy session may last from several minutes to several hours, depending on the type of cancer and the radiation dose required.
Advantages of brachytherapy
- High precision. Radioactive materials are delivered directly to the tumor, minimizing radiation exposure to healthy tissues.
- Fewer side effects. Compared to external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy is associated with fewer side effects such as skin irritation or fatigue.
- High effectiveness for localized tumors. Brachytherapy is particularly effective for cancers confined to a specific area, as it allows delivery of high radiation doses directly to the tumor.
- Minimal recovery time. Patients typically recover quickly and can return to daily activities soon after the procedure.
Possible side effects
- Mild pain or discomfort. Patients may experience minor pain or discomfort at the implant insertion site.
- Bleeding. In rare cases, bleeding may occur, especially when treating tumors in the pelvic region.
- Irritation in the treated area. Temporary irritation of the skin or mucous membranes is possible.
- Urinary problems. When treating prostate cancer, patients may experience urinary symptoms such as painful urination or increased frequency.
Brachytherapy in Belarus is performed in specialized medical centers equipped with advanced radiotherapy technology. Highly qualified specialists use precise planning and treatment techniques to achieve excellent clinical outcomes with minimal risks and side effects. Affordable treatment costs and a high standard of medical care make Belarus an attractive destination for international patients.
