Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disorder of glucose metabolism that develops during pregnancy. It is associated with hormonal changes that can lead to insulin resistance. With proper treatment and careful monitoring, complications for both the mother and the baby can be prevented.
Risk factors for the development of gestational diabetes
- Overweight or obesity before pregnancy;
- A history of gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy;
- Type 2 diabetes in first- or second-degree relatives;
- Maternal age over 30 years;
- Polyhydramnios in a previous or current pregnancy;
- History of preterm birth or adverse pregnancy outcomes, among others.
The goal of treatment is to achieve target glycemic levels in order to prevent diabetic fetopathy.
How is gestational diabetes treated?
Diagnosis and monitoring of blood glucose levels
- Fasting and postprandial blood glucose testing.
- Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
- Measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).
Dietary modification
- Exclusion of simple carbohydrates (sweets, pastries, fast food).
- Fractional meals (5–6 meals per day).
- Consumption of foods with a low glycemic index (whole grains, vegetables, protein-rich foods).
- Calorie control, especially in cases of excess body weight.
Physical activity
- Moderate exercise (walking, prenatal gymnastics).
- Weight control and prevention of complications.
Blood glucose self-monitoring
- Glucose measurements 4–6 times per day.
- Keeping a food and glucose monitoring diary.
Pharmacological treatment (if required)
- Insulin therapy is prescribed if diet and physical activity are insufficient.
- Oral glucose-lowering medications are not used during pregnancy.
Fetal monitoring
- Regular ultrasound examinations to assess fetal growth and development.
- Doppler ultrasound and cardiotocography (CTG) to monitor blood flow and fetal heart rate.
- Amniotic fluid monitoring (polyhydramnios may be a sign of GDM).
Main benefits of timely treatment of gestational diabetes
- Reduced risk of complications for the mother and the baby (preeclampsia, fetal macrosomia, cesarean delivery).
- Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus after childbirth.
- Control of gestational weight gain and prevention of obesity.
- Maintenance of normal glucose levels without the need for medication in many cases.
- A healthy newborn with a low risk of neonatal hypoglycemia.
Why undergo treatment for gestational diabetes in Belarus?
Treatment is provided in leading endocrinology and obstetric centers in Belarus, using modern methods of glucose monitoring and individualized dietary therapy. Experienced specialists help ensure a safe pregnancy and the birth of a healthy child.
