Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder characterized by ovarian dysfunction, hormonal imbalance, and, in many cases, infertility. The condition is associated with disturbances in hormonal regulation, leading to the formation of multiple ovarian follicles and alterations in the menstrual cycle. Treatment of PCOS is aimed at normalizing hormonal balance, alleviating symptoms, and restoring reproductive function.

Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome

Lifestyle modification. In women with overweight or obesity, even a modest weight reduction of 5–10% may help normalize the menstrual cycle, improve insulin sensitivity, and restore ovulation. Regular physical activity contributes to improved metabolism and better glycemic control. A balanced diet with reduced simple carbohydrates and increased dietary fiber is recommended to regulate glucose and insulin levels.

Hormonal therapy. Hormonal treatment is used to regulate the menstrual cycle, reduce symptoms of hyperandrogenism, and prevent endometrial hyperplasia. Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are commonly prescribed to normalize the menstrual cycle and lower androgen levels; they also help reduce excessive hair growth and improve skin condition. Progestins are used to prevent endometrial hyperplasia in women who do not take COCs and may be administered orally or via an intrauterine system. Antiandrogen therapy may be prescribed to reduce androgen levels and manage symptoms such as hirsutism.

Metabolic therapy

Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance, which increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Medications that improve insulin sensitivity and help normalize blood glucose levels may be prescribed as part of comprehensive treatment.

Ovulation induction (when planning pregnancy)

For women planning pregnancy, restoration of regular ovulation is a key therapeutic goal. The following approaches may be used:

• Administration of ovulation induction agents that block estrogen receptors and stimulate follicular growth and maturation in the ovaries.
• In some cases, injectable gonadotropins may be prescribed to induce ovulation.
• Laparoscopic surgery (ovarian drilling). In rare cases, when medical ovulation induction is ineffective, laparoscopic surgery may be considered. The procedure involves creating small punctures on the ovarian surface, which can help restore ovulatory function.

Women with PCOS should closely monitor their health to prevent long-term complications such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Regular medical follow-up, weight management, and appropriate nutrition play an important role in risk reduction.

Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome in Belarus is focused on symptom control, restoration of regular menstrual cycles and ovulation, and prevention of long-term metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Management is individualized and depends on symptom severity and reproductive plans. Collaboration with a physician is essential to develop the most effective and personalized treatment strategy.