Sacrocolpopexy is a surgical procedure used to treat pelvic organ prolapse in women, a condition in which the uterus, vagina, or other pelvic organs descend and protrude from their normal anatomical position. Pelvic organ prolapse may cause discomfort, urinary and bowel dysfunction, and difficulties during sexual intercourse. Sacrocolpopexy is aimed at restoring the normal position of the vagina by fixing it to the sacrum using a surgical mesh or other fixation materials.
Indications for sacrocolpopexy
The main indications for sacrocolpopexy include:
- Vaginal prolapse. A condition in which the vaginal walls descend downward, sometimes together with the uterus or adjacent organs (such as the bladder or rectum). Vaginal prolapse may cause pelvic pain, a sensation of heaviness, urinary disturbances, and defecation problems.
- Uterine prolapse. Downward displacement of the uterus into the vaginal canal due to weakening of the supporting ligaments and pelvic floor muscles. In severe cases, the uterus may protrude beyond the vaginal opening.
- Cystocele and rectocele. Cystocele refers to the prolapse of the urinary bladder through the anterior vaginal wall, while rectocele is the bulging of the rectum into the posterior vaginal wall.
- Unsatisfactory outcomes of previous prolapse surgeries. Sacrocolpopexy may be recommended after failed surgical correction of pelvic organ prolapse.
How is the surgery performed?
Sacrocolpopexy is performed using laparoscopic techniques or traditional open surgery. The primary goal of the operation is to restore the normal anatomical position of the vagina or other pelvic organs by attaching them to the sacrum (the base of the spinal column).
Main stages of the procedure:
- Anesthesia. The surgery is performed under general anesthesia, ensuring that the patient experiences no pain or discomfort during the procedure.
- Access to the pelvic organs. In laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy, several small incisions are made in the abdominal area, through which surgical instruments and a laparoscope—a thin tube with a camera—are inserted, allowing the surgeon to visualize internal organs on a monitor.
- Fixation of the vagina to the sacrum. The surgeon uses a specialized mesh or other materials to secure the upper portion of the vagina to the anterior surface of the sacrum. This reinforces pelvic support and restores the normal anatomical position of the organs.
- Closure of incisions. After completion of the procedure, the incisions are sutured. In laparoscopic surgery, these incisions are small and typically heal quickly.
Advantages of undergoing sacrocolpopexy in Belarus
- High effectiveness. Sacrocolpopexy is considered one of the most effective surgical methods for treating vaginal and uterine prolapse. Most women report a significant improvement in quality of life after the procedure.
- Low risk of recurrence. The use of mesh or other fixation materials significantly reduces the likelihood of recurrent prolapse.
- Preservation of sexual function. The procedure does not compromise the anatomical integrity of the vagina.
- Minimally invasive techniques. When performed laparoscopically, incisions are minimal, which accelerates healing and reduces the risk of postoperative complications.
Prevention of recurrence after surgery
- Kegel exercises. Regular pelvic floor muscle training helps reduce the risk of recurrent prolapse.
- Avoidance of heavy physical exertion. Lifting heavy objects and strenuous physical activity may increase the risk of recurrence and should be avoided.
- Weight control. Excess body weight increases pressure on the pelvic organs and may contribute to prolapse recurrence.
- Prevention of constipation. Adequate dietary fiber intake and sufficient hydration help prevent constipation, which can increase strain on the pelvic floor.
Sacrocolpopexy helps restore pelvic organs to their normal position and improves quality of life by alleviating symptoms such as discomfort, pain, and urinary or bowel dysfunction. Adherence to medical recommendations during the recovery period and careful health monitoring are essential to prevent prolapse recurrence.
