Sex hormone analysis
Sex hormone testing is a laboratory examination used to assess the levels of hormones that regulate reproductive function, sexual development, and overall hormonal health. This test is essential for diagnosing endocrine disorders, infertility, menstrual irregularities, and hormone-dependent conditions.
When is sex hormone testing required?
- In cases of menstrual cycle disorders, amenorrhea, or dysmenorrhea.
- During evaluation of infertility in women and men to assess hormonal balance.
- If hormonal imbalance is suspected – acne, hair loss, obesity, sudden weight changes.
- For diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, or uterine fibroids.
- With decreased libido or erectile dysfunction in men.
- During pregnancy – to monitor fetal development and placental function.
- In cases of delayed or abnormal puberty in adolescents.
- For monitoring the effectiveness of hormone therapy.
Which hormones are included in the analysis?
- FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) – regulates ovarian function and spermatogenesis.
- LH (luteinizing hormone) – controls ovulation in women and testosterone production in men.
- Estradiol (E2) – the main female sex hormone responsible for reproductive system development.
- Progesterone – essential for menstrual cycle regulation and pregnancy support.
- Testosterone – the primary male sex hormone influencing sexual function, muscle and bone development.
- Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) – a precursor of sex hormones affecting libido and metabolism.
- Prolactin – regulates lactation in women and influences reproductive function.
- Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) – a marker of ovarian reserve used in infertility diagnostics.
How is the test performed?
- Preparation – blood is drawn on an empty stomach; stress, intense physical activity, and alcohol should be avoided for 24 hours prior to testing.
- Cycle timing – in women, FSH, LH, and estradiol are usually tested on days 3–5 of the menstrual cycle, while progesterone is measured on days 21–23.
- Blood collection – venous blood sampling.
- Laboratory analysis – hormone levels are measured using immunoassay or chemiluminescent methods.
- Results – typically available within 1–3 days.
Interpretation of sex hormone test results
- Elevated FSH and LH – may indicate ovarian failure, menopause, or PCOS.
- Low FSH and LH – possible pituitary dysfunction or hypogonadism.
- High estradiol – ovarian cysts, hormone-producing tumors, or liver dysfunction.
- Low estradiol – ovarian insufficiency, anovulation, or pituitary disorders.
- High testosterone in women – PCOS or hyperandrogenism.
- Low testosterone in men – impaired spermatogenesis or reduced libido.
- Elevated prolactin – hyperprolactinemia, possible pituitary adenoma.
- Low progesterone – risk of miscarriage or luteal phase insufficiency.
Main advantages of sex hormone testing in Belarus
- Comprehensive diagnosis of endocrine and reproductive disorders.
- Hormonal monitoring during pregnancy.
- High accuracy and reliability of modern laboratory methods.
- Assessment of ovarian reserve and fertility potential.
- Effective monitoring of hormone therapy outcomes.
The analysis is performed in leading laboratories in Belarus using advanced diagnostic technologies. Experienced specialists assist with result interpretation and, if necessary, refer patients to an endocrinologist, gynecologist, or andrologist.
This text has been translated using machine translation technology (DeepL API) and may contain inaccuracies.
