Fungal diseases of the skin and nails are common infections caused by pathogenic fungi. They can affect the skin (dermatomycoses) and nails (onychomycoses), leading to unpleasant symptoms such as itching, scaling, redness of the skin, as well as thickening, deformation, and discoloration of the nails. Treatment of fungal infections requires a comprehensive approach that includes the use of topical and systemic antifungal medications, as well as strict adherence to hygiene measures.
Causes of fungal infections
- Dermatophyte fungi (e.g., Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton): most commonly cause infections of the skin and nails.
- Yeast fungi of the genus Candida: affect mucous membranes, skin, and nails, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems.
- Mold fungi: may affect the nails, particularly in people with immunodeficiency or chronic diseases.
Main symptoms of fungal infections
Fungal skin infection (dermatomycosis):
- Itching, redness, and scaling of the skin.
- Cracks, especially between the toes.
- Round or ring-shaped rashes on the body.
- Oozing or formation of fluid-filled blisters that may rupture and leave erosions.
Fungal nail infection (onychomycosis):
- Changes in nail color (yellowing, whitening, or darkening).
- Thickening, deformation, or splitting of the nail plate.
- Brittle and fragile nails.
- Unpleasant odor.
- Separation of the nail from the nail bed.
Treatment of fungal skin infections in Belarus
Treatment of cutaneous mycoses may include topical therapy and, if necessary, systemic antifungal agents:
Topical treatment (creams, ointments, sprays):
- Antifungal agents. Applied to affected areas of the skin 1–2 times daily. The duration of treatment usually ranges from 2 to 4 weeks, depending on the severity of the infection.
- Antibacterial ointments. In cases of secondary bacterial infection, combined medications may be prescribed by a physician.
Skin hygiene and care:
- Regular washing and thorough drying of affected areas.
- Use of antiseptics (e.g., chlorhexidine) to prevent the spread of infection.
Anti-inflammatory agents: in cases of pronounced inflammation, topical corticosteroids may be used, but only as prescribed by a physician.
Prevention of fungal infections
Hygiene measures:
- Wash and thoroughly dry the skin regularly, especially between the toes.
- Use personal towels and individual hygiene products.
Proper footwear:
- Wear shoes that provide good ventilation. Avoid tight footwear and synthetic materials.
- Use protective footwear in public places such as swimming pools, saunas, and gyms.
Disinfection of footwear and personal items. Regularly treat shoes with antiseptic sprays or antifungal products.
Immune system support. A balanced diet, sufficient vitamin intake, and an active lifestyle help strengthen immunity and reduce the risk of fungal infections.
Prevention of transmission. Avoid using other people’s shoes, towels, or manicure tools.
When should you consult a dermatologist?
- If symptoms of a fungal infection persist or worsen despite the use of topical treatments.
- In cases of severe itching, inflammation, or skin cracking.
- If nails become significantly thickened, deformed, or start to detach.
- If a fungal infection is suspected in children or individuals with weakened immune systems.
Treatment of fungal diseases of the skin and nails is available in leading medical centers in Belarus. Experienced dermatologists provide accurate diagnosis and effective therapy, helping to restore healthy skin and nails.
