TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration) is a procedure for aspirating spermatozoa directly from the testicle, performed in men with severe forms of infertility when conventional methods of sperm retrieval are ineffective. The main goal of TESA is to obtain sperm cells directly from testicular tissue for subsequent use in assisted reproductive procedures such as IVF (in vitro fertilization) and ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection).
When is testicular biopsy performed?
TESA is usually performed in the following cases:
- Azoospermia: a condition in which spermatozoa are absent from the ejaculate. Azoospermia may be obstructive (due to blockage of the vas deferens) or non-obstructive (impaired spermatogenesis).
- Failure of previous assisted reproduction procedures, when an insufficient number of spermatozoa is found in the semen or their quality is poor.
- Infertility of unknown origin, when other diagnostic methods do not provide a clear explanation.
TESA procedure in Belarus
- Preparation: prior to the procedure, the man undergoes a standard medical examination to exclude contraindications and assess general health status.
- Anesthesia: TESA is usually performed under local anesthesia to minimize discomfort. In some cases, mild sedation or general anesthesia may be used, depending on patient preference and procedural complexity.
- Procedure: using a special fine needle, the physician aspirates a small amount of testicular tissue. This tissue is then examined to detect spermatozoa that can be used to fertilize oocytes.
- Post-procedure care: after completion of TESA, the patient may return home the same day. The physician provides recommendations for care of the aspiration site and general recovery advice.
Alternatives to TESA
In addition to TESA, other methods of sperm retrieval are available for azoospermia:
- MESA (Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration) β microsurgical aspiration of spermatozoa from the epididymis.
- TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction) β surgical extraction of spermatozoa from testicular tissue involving a small incision and removal of tissue for sperm retrieval.
- PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration) β percutaneous aspiration of spermatozoa from the epididymis using a needle.
Recovery after the procedure
After TESA, patients are generally advised to rest for 1β2 days, avoid physical activity, and wear supportive underwear to reduce discomfort. Mild soreness may persist for several days; however, most men tolerate the procedure well and recover quickly.
Testicular biopsy (TESA) is an important procedure within the spectrum of assisted reproductive technologies, allowing men with azoospermia and other fertility issues to become biological fathers. This method has proven effective, especially when used in combination with high-technology procedures such as ICSI, and can significantly increase the chances of successful infertility treatment.
Q&A
ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ.
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ. Π Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠ/ΠΠΠ‘Π, Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ β ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°.
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