Placentocentesis is an invasive method of prenatal diagnostics in which a sample of placental tissue is collected to detect genetic, chromosomal, and infectious diseases of the fetus. The examination is performed between the 10th and 14th weeks of pregnancy and serves as an alternative to amniocentesis, allowing for earlier detection of potential abnormalities.
Indications for placentocentesis
- High risk of genetic abnormalities. If the parents have hereditary diseases or abnormalities have been identified during biochemical screening.
- Maternal age over 35 years. Increased risk of chromosomal disorders such as Down syndrome.
- Suspected intrauterine infections. Enables detection of TORCH infections (toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes).
- Abnormalities detected on ultrasound. If fetal developmental anomalies are suspected.
- Genetic predisposition to disease. If the couple has previously had children with inherited disorders.
How is placentocentesis performed?
- Preparation. The pregnant woman undergoes an ultrasound examination to assess placental location. No special preparation (diet or fasting) is required.
- Sample collection. Under ultrasound guidance, the physician inserts a thin needle through the abdominal wall or cervix and obtains a small sample of placental tissue.
- Laboratory analysis. The collected tissue is examined for chromosomal abnormalities, genetic mutations, and infections.
- Recovery. After the procedure, the patient is advised to rest for 1–2 days and avoid physical exertion.
Advantages of placentocentesis
- Early diagnosis. Allows detection of abnormalities at 10–14 weeks of pregnancy, whereas amniocentesis is typically performed from the 15th week.
- High accuracy. Provides reliable results for detecting chromosomal disorders such as Down, Edwards, and Patau syndromes.
- Detection of hereditary diseases. Enables diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, and other genetic conditions.
- Identification of infections. Helps detect viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections that may threaten fetal development.
Risks and possible complications
Although the procedure is performed under strict specialist supervision, it remains invasive and carries certain risks:
- Risk of miscarriage (approximately 1–2%). The risk is higher than with amniocentesis but lower than with chorionic villus biopsy.
- Infection. A rare complication associated with the introduction of infection into the uterus.
- Bleeding or leakage of amniotic fluid. May occur within the first 24 hours after the procedure.
When a consultation is recommended?
- If abnormalities are detected during ultrasound or biochemical screening.
- If there is a family history of genetic diseases.
- When planning pregnancy after the age of 35.
- If early diagnosis of potential fetal abnormalities is required.
Advantages of undergoing placentocentesis in Belarus
In Belarus, placentocentesis is performed in specialized medical centers using modern equipment and high-precision diagnostic methods. Experienced physicians carry out the procedure with minimal risk, ensuring the safety of both mother and fetus. A high standard of medical care and the availability of genetic testing make Belarus an optimal destination for prenatal diagnostic procedures.
