Amniocentesis is an invasive prenatal diagnostic procedure in which amniotic fluid is collected for analysis. The procedure makes it possible to detect genetic disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, and fetal infections. The examination is performed in the second trimester of pregnancy, usually between the 15th and 20th weeks. Amniocentesis helps parents obtain accurate information about the health of the unborn child and make informed decisions.
Indications for amniocentesis
- Maternal age over 35 years. With increasing age, the risk of chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome, rises.
- Presence of genetic diseases in the family. If the parents or their relatives have hereditary conditions, amniocentesis helps assess the likelihood of transmission.
- Abnormal screening test results. If biochemical markers or ultrasound findings indicate a high risk of genetic disorders, amniocentesis allows for accurate diagnostic confirmation.
- Suspected intrauterine infection. The procedure may be prescribed to diagnose viral or bacterial fetal infections.
- Rh incompatibility. Amniocentesis helps assess the risk of hemolytic disease in the fetus.
How is amniocentesis performed?
- Preparation for the procedure. The patient undergoes an ultrasound examination to determine the position of the fetus and placenta. No special preparation (diet or fasting) is required.
- Collection of amniotic fluid. Under ultrasound guidance, the physician inserts a thin needle through the abdominal wall into the amniotic sac and withdraws a small volume of amniotic fluid (approximately 15–20 ml).
- Laboratory analysis. The obtained sample is sent to a genetic laboratory to examine the chromosomal set, mutations, and the presence of infections.
- Recovery. After the procedure, the patient is advised to rest for 1–2 days and avoid physical exertion.
Advantages of amniocentesis
- Diagnostic accuracy. Allows detection of chromosomal abnormalities with high accuracy (up to 99%), including Down, Edwards, and Patau syndromes.
- Early diagnosis. Enables identification of severe genetic disorders before birth and supports informed decision-making.
- Possibility of sex determination. The examination allows determination of fetal sex prior to ultrasound, which may be important in cases of sex-linked hereditary diseases.
- Detection of intrauterine infections. Makes it possible to identify and treat potential fetal infections in a timely manner.
Risks and possible complications
Although amniocentesis is considered a relatively safe procedure, it is associated with certain minor risks:
- Low risk of miscarriage. The risk is less than 1% when the procedure is performed by an experienced specialist.
- Bleeding or leakage of amniotic fluid. In rare cases, slight fluid leakage may occur after the procedure.
- Risk of infection. A very rare complication associated with the introduction of infection into the uterus.
When should you seek a consultation?
- If a physician recommends additional diagnostics due to an increased risk of genetic disorders.
- If abnormalities are detected during ultrasound or biochemical screening.
- If there are hereditary diseases in the family that may be inherited.
- If the expectant mother wishes to obtain accurate information about the health of the fetus.
Advantages of amniocentesis in Belarus
In Belarus, amniocentesis is performed in specialized medical centers using modern equipment and under the supervision of experienced specialists. The high level of medical care and availability of genetic testing allow pregnant women to obtain accurate prenatal diagnostics. Affordable prices and a high level of safety make Belarus an attractive destination for prenatal diagnostic procedures.
