Electromyography (EMG)

Electromyography (EMG) is a diagnostic method used to assess the condition and function of muscles, as well as the functional status of peripheral nerves. The examination helps identify neurological and neuromuscular disorders and determine the level of damage within the neuromuscular system.

When is electromyography required?

In patients with complaints of muscle weakness, cramps, twitching, pain, or numbness of the limbs. It is used in the diagnosis of neurological disorders such as radiculopathy, polyneuropathy, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). EMG is also indicated for assessing nerve root involvement in spinal disc herniation and compression syndromes (e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome). It is performed after nerve injuries and when peripheral nerve damage is suspected.

Types of electromyography

• Needle EMG – thin needle electrodes are inserted into the muscle to evaluate the activity of individual muscle fibers.
• Stimulation EMG (electroneuromyography, ENMG) – assesses nerve impulse conduction velocity and helps diagnose nerve damage.
• Surface EMG – a non-invasive method that records muscle activity using skin electrodes.

How is the examination performed?

Electrodes are placed on the skin or inserted into the muscle, after which the muscle response to electrical stimulation is recorded. The procedure usually lasts 30–60 minutes and may require minimal preparation, such as avoiding caffeine intake and ensuring muscle relaxation.

Main advantages of electromyography in Belarus

High diagnostic accuracy for neuromuscular disorders. The ability to assess the condition of peripheral nerves and the severity of their damage. Safety and the possibility of early detection of neurological pathologies.

Belarusian medical centers are equipped with modern electromyography systems that provide detailed diagnostics of neuromuscular diseases. Experienced specialists perform examinations with high precision and professional interpretation of the results.